PERIOD 1. IDEALISM AND STRUCTURALISM

1970-1990. A roaring period of the idealism of the seventies, the oil crisis, unemployment, cuts and the end of the cold war. The period inwhich Herman Hertzberger’s structuralist building for the Ministry of Social Affairs and Employment in The Hague was designed and built (1979-1990), a project inwhich the traces of the changing 'zeitgeist' became clearly visible.

1956

New Babylon

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Constant Nieuwenhuys and New Babylon

With his life work New Babylon Constant Nieuwenhuys (1920-2005) envisioned during almost twenty years in a serie of models, constructions, maquettes, collages, drawings, graphics and texts a ‘world wide city for the future’, where land is owned collectively, work is fully automated and the need to work replaced with a nomadic life of creative play. New Babylon is inhabited by ‘homo ludens’, who, freed from labor, will not have to make art, for he can be creative in the daily practice of his life. Constant: ”The project of New Babylon only intends to give the minimum conditions for a behaviour that must remain as free as possible. Any restriction of the freedom of movement, any limitation with regard to the creation of mood and atmosphere, has to be avoided. Everything has to remain possible, all is to happen, the environment has to be created by the activity of life, and not inversely.” A few examples of spatial constructions for which he used modern materials like stainless steel, aluminum and perspex are Het Ruimtecircus (Spatial Circus) and Het Zonneschip (Sunvessel) from 1956.

Constant Nieuwenhuys

“Creation and revolutionary struggle have the same objective: the realisation of life.” 1974

Burgerweeshuis Aldo van Eyck, 1960

1959

Interior offices Centraal Beheer Apeldoorn (1969-1972), design: Herman Hertzberger

1960

Herman Hertzberger

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Herman Hertzberger (Amsterdam, 1932) is a Dutch architect and was professor at the architecture faculty in Delft (1972-1999) He is considered, along with Aldo van Eyck, as the influence behind the Dutch structuralist movement of the1960s. The offices of Centraal Beheer (a Dutch insurance company) in Apeldoorn, a ‘workshop for 1,000 people’ (1968-1972) gave Hertzberger world fame. It offered an innovative open office concept with a wealth of informal meeting places in the building, and on the roof top terraces. In the beginning employees were free to decorate their work place as they wished, to grow their own plants and even to keep pets. After the completion of the Vredenburg Concert Hall in Utrecht (1972-1979) Hertzberger was commissioned to design the new Ministry of Social Affairs in the Hague, a complex housing 2,400 civil servants. This building, which took eleven years to finish, marks the end of Hertzberger’s first act. When he began the project, he was still very much immersed in the entangling complexity of his structuralist approach which he developed and adhered to since the early 1960s. In the late 1980s however he started to free himself from the constraints of the intricate system in which everything had to fit.

Herman Hertzberger

“ The word ‘structuralism’ is shrouded with many misconceptions. Actually the idea is that structuralism offers freedom of interpretation, i.e. adaptation and transformation within, and thanks to a set of rules, acting as a framework.”

Aldo van Eyck

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Aldo van Eyck

Aldo van Eyck (1918-1999) was a Dutch architect and one of the most influential protagonists of the architectural movement Structuralism. His earliest practice he started from the elementarism of De Stijl. In 1954 he was a co-founder of "Team 10", or “Team X”, a group of architects and other invited participants who assembled starting in July 1953 at the 9th Congress of C.I.A.M. and created a schism within CIAM by challenging its doctrinaire approach to urbanism. Van Eyck lectured throughout Europe and northern America propounding the need to reject functionalism and attacking the lack of originality in most post-war Modernism. His position as co-editor of the Dutch magazine Forum (1959-1963) helped publicise the Team 10 call for a return to humanism within architectural design. Important in his thinking is the shaping of number and the concept of relation taking form in the ‘in-between’, as a place where different things can meet and unite, or more specifically, as ‘the common ground where conflicting polarities can again become twin phenomena’. Among his known works are the Burgerweeshuis, the design for the village and school in Nagele, ESA-ESTAC in Noordwijk and various playgrounds in Amsterdam.

1960

Structuralism in Dutch architecture

The realization of the Orphanage in Amsterdam in 1960 is generally regarded as a milestone of European architecture. With this celebrated design of Aldo van Eyck a new architectural style made its entrance, with an unexpected wealth of spatial transitions between interiors and the immediate surroundings around the building: as well as this, a strong social commitment was to be seen in the purpose of the complex. These qualities made the Burgerweeshuis the first built manifesto of the basic principles of a new editorial group of the journal Forum, which started in 1960 with the slogan ‘The story of another idea’ as opposition against post-war functionalism in Dutch architecture. Among the most inspiring and passionate spokesman of this ‘Forum Group’ were Aldo van Eyck, Herman Hertzberger and Jaap Bakema. They had a great influence on the young generation of architects who variously interpreted the Orphanage in their own work, a state of affairs that would lead to a stream in Dutch architecture that would become famous under the name Structuralism.

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1973

1979

Debby Harry, singer of the rock band Blondie, a pioneer in the early American new wave and punk scenes of the mid-late 1970s

1979

Open and communicative

The new building of the Ministry of Social Affairs and Employment clearly bears the traces of the changing times. Social Affairs was previously scattered across the Hague region in 15 buildings, with all the communication problems that that entails. In the late seventies the former government architect Wim Quist presented the top of the Ministry of Social Affairs with a list of possible architects for the design of a new building. With the office Centraal Beheer in Apeldoorn in mind, and the desire for an open and communicative building, Social Affairs had a strong preference for Herman Hertzberger. That reflected the best the corporate culture of the Ministry then, where concepts such as interaction and communication were just institutionalized. In 1979 however, no one could have imagined that the users would have a very personal interpretation of the concepts of openness and communication, and that they would be willing to fight for that. The introduction of voting rights at all ministry of service committees (‘Commissie Bouw’), cost reductions, the development of new state housing standards between 1982 and 1984, changing municipal policy regarding roads and access, neighbourhood opposition of the zoning plan, new building codes for outside views and daylight, the declaration of this building as pilot project relating to working conditions in the construction industry, and a lawsuit from the ‘Commissie Bouw’ caused much delay and a turbulent process.

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Sketch Ministry of Social Affairs and Employment, Herman Hertzberger, 1979

1980

Riots of squatters in the Centre of Amsterdam, 1980

1983

The biggest demonstration in the Netherlands, 550.000 idealistic people demonstrated againts cruise missiles in 1983 in The Hague

1984

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Building volume SOZA preliminary design, 1984

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Dissasembled Rubik's cube, a hype in the eighties

1986

Protest of civil servants, 1986

1987

Building the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Employment

The Ministry of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Employment is along the Haarlem-Rotterdam railway line opposite the ‘Laan van Nieuw Oost-Indië (NOI)’ station on the boundary with Voorburg. It is built in 1987-1990 and located between two residential neighbourhoods. The mass of this office building for 2400 employees divides into 16 interlinked octagonal towers. As in Hertzbergers offices for Centraal Beheer in Apeldoorn (1972) the enormous office area is broken down, using a family of precast concrete beams and columns set in a square grid, into so many ‘islands’ linked in an expanding series of clusters. Its spatial backbone is a tall full-length void containing all the principal stairs and lifts.

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1990

The officials did not want to sit in a battery cage

The strongly expressive articulation of the office walls is the result of input by the users; originally Hertzberger intended to keep the receding space as vertical voids within the walls. Because the civil servants were firm in demanding a window directly at the façade, these voids were dropped. In the remaining interior courts there are mainly conference rooms. The skylights of these courts were also brought a floor lower at the request of the users. After ‘failures’ in previous projects, such as minister Klompe who had broken her hip after a slipping on the smooth marble floor of the Ministry of Interior Affairs, voting rights were introduced in 1983 at all ministry service committees, the ‘Dienstcommissie Bouw’.
This commission imposed limits to the open and communicative character of the building that Hertzberger had envisaged. For example, most voids were eliminated because officials did not want to sit in a battery cage. Hertzbergers argument that "it was more exciting to look at beautiful boys and girls passing by than a few cubic meters of fresh air” could not persaude them. This also applied to the advantages of large office space with panoramic views of the surroundings. "Rather alone in a room, then together in a big space.” The times had obviously changed and privacy and status proved to be more important than openness and communication. “A Design” says Hertzberger, "is always the result of conflicting views. Usually it therefore becomes better. I think that also applies to the Ministry of Social Affairs and Employment. I had to give in on some points, since you can’t ignore the ‘Zeitgeist’. The need for security and privacy express that, although it can change again. My assignment was to design an open and communicative building. I think this has succeeded broadly. And the still untapped possibilities are open for the future."

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12 Joop den Uyl

"This is a time inwhich we need to acknowledge the hard facts. But it is especially important that we are willing to cope with the new problems together. Such cooperation is needed. If we are willing to do so, then it is not a cold winter, even if it freezes.” is one of the most famous quotes of Joop den Uyl (1973). Joop den Uyl (1919-1987) was a Dutch politican of the Labour Party (PvdA) and served among others as Prime Minister of the Netherlands from (1973-1977) and Minister of Social Affairs and Employment, Minister for Suriname and Netherlands Antilles Affairs and Deputy Prime Minister (1981-1982 )in the Cabinet Van Agt II. He was seen as an idealistic, but also polarizing politician. Followers of his idealistic policies called him Ome Joop (Uncle Joop). He was criticized for creating a budget deficit and polarizing Dutch politics. Associated with Den Uyl was the 'maakbare samenleving'; the makeable society, the idea that society is constructed and that government is a player in the construction. Another idea associated with Den Uyl was 'de verbeelding aan de macht'; imagination in the driver's seat, the power of conceptual thinking, particularly in politics.

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1990

Opening the of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Employment with Queen Beatrix and Akelei Hertzberger

PERIOD 2. HIGH RISE AND FALL DOWN

1990-2015. A booming period both economically and for architecture, the world shocking terrorist attacks on the Twin Towers in September 2001 and the start of the global economic crisis after the fall of the Lehman Brothers in 2008. A dynamic period, inwhich the building of the Ministry of Social Affairs and Employment was fully in use, renovated (2003) and eventually abandoned.

2001

New York, 11-9-2001

1990

Open becomes more closed

One of the motto’s of the architects who where the editors of the Magazine Forum in the sixties was ‘the place and the occasion.’ Every place requires its own design. The height, the articulation in separate towers and use of colour in de building of Social Affairs and Employment are the most striking elements that respond to the characteristics of the place. These were retained from are the preliminary design until completion. A number of other ‘environmental elements’ disappeared in the evolving years, against the wishes of the architect. For example, the community garden, and from ‘social security considerations’, a canteen for staff and residents and the passage under the building. Essential elements of the concept were implemented. Most notably the central atrium through the whole complex, around which all the communal facilities are grouped. The clean concrete and white concrete blocks made the building inside and especially outside very light. Hertzberger: "I wanted a typical The Hague or Scheveningen building; a building that could smell like the sea." For the concrete construction, which is for the most part prefabricated, round columns with a square column top on a two-sided grid of 7.7 meters were used. The construction grid is rotated thirty-five degrees with regard to the longitudinal axis of the building. The walls are in masonry of almost white concrete blocks with aluminium frames in the office spaces. The secondary stairways are glazed over their total height. Through the growing need to build in an energy-saving manner, there is little of the loadbearing construction visible in the outer walls. By far the majority of columns are within the walls so that they are no ‘cold bridges’ in the thermal skin.

22 Herman Hertzberger, 1990

“My assignment was to design an open and communicative building. I think this has succeeded broadly. And the still untapped possibilities are open for the future."

1990

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Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Employment, 1995

1990

Culture of civil servants

In the seventies modern civil servants enter the departments in large amounts. Inspired by the ideals of the sixties, the government is the vehicle for change. Social wellbeing is paramount. The well-attired legal secretary is replaced by the informal policy worker who keeps a tie in the drawer, in case of a sudden call by the Minister. The government provides childcare, emancipation, minority and youth policy, and a positive architecture and cultural policy, ‘elevating’ the level of happiness. A responsibly planned Netherlands makes you happy and proves to be an export product. The new generation of officials is housed in new modern government buildings designed by architects of name, situated along so-called 'A locations’. The young, socially conscious official feeds the governors with social insights and scenarios how to lead the renewal in the right direction. "Work, work, work" is the slogan. An official can strike and there is much to protest against, like cruise missiles, ‘no house no coronation’ and the reduction of the civil service salary. The years of savings start and officials switch to a different theme, the participatory society. On the basis of ‘het nieuwe werken’ - fewer colleagues work in less area. This also changes the government buildings, there are less buildings, concentrated in Manhattan-like towers. In the gardens of the architect-designed government buildings of the past, are now the signs ‘For Sale/in renovation.’

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1990

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Servicedesk Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Employment

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1990

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Interior Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Employment

1990

Prince Willem Alexander opens the second Heinenoordtunnel

1993

RaRa bombs the Ministry of Social Affairs and Employment

Revolutionary Anti-Racist Action or Revolutionaire Anti-Racistische Actie, often abbreviated RaRa was a Dutch Revolutionary group, although in the Netherlands the group was called a 'political violent activist'-group. The name "RaRa" in Dutch means "Guess ..." (who we are), (from the Dutch word 'raden'). RaRa was active in the 1980s and 1990s within the Netherlands, bombing sites to express opposition to the apartheid policies of South Africa as well as to the Dutch asylum legislation.Their bombings caused a lot of material damage, but no deaths resulted. In 1993 RaRa bombed the building of the Department of Social Affairs.

From their statement: "After timely and repeated warnings, we have detonated a bomb on the third floor of the Ministry of Social Affairs and Employment in The Hague during the night of 30 June. The target of the action was the Labour Inspection, which is housed on this floor. The IAS has a pivotal role in the hunt for illegal immigrants. On average twice a day this service organises police raids on premises where the presence of illegal immigrants is suspected. In the coming years, the service has doubled. That means more raids, more victims and more anxiety. With this action we want to draw the line and let these people-hunters feel for a moment what it's like to be chased. Let them know how it is to be targeted, how it is to be branded."

1994

Dancing around the Ministry

Movement Theatre Group BEWTH worked with architecture, and released 126 productions between 1965 and 2005 inwhich buildings were the point of departure. In the autumn of 1994 BEWTH played in the building of the Ministry of Social Affairs and Employment. After the performance of BEWTH in the St. Bavo Church in Haarlem, a greater contrast was hardly conceivable. "There the tough forms of the Gothic style, a building that expresses all gloom in its connection with eternity. Here the dynamics of moving detail, transparency of glass and steel, a building that reveals its intentions only if the human moves in it. Not surprising that BEWTH embraced such an adventure. Due to the continuing pressure on public aid the survival of BEWTH is not obvious. But once againg, BEWTH turns the roles. It doesn’t come to the Ministry of Social Affairs and Employment as a prospective customer, but as a supplier of new perspectives, of unsuspected beauty in a new building.

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30. Performance BEWTH in the Ministry, 1984

Movement Theatregroup BEWTH, 1994

“BEWTH turns the roles once more. It doesn’t come to the Ministry of Social Affairs and Employment as a prospective customer, but as a supplier of new perspectives, of unsuspected beauty in a new building."

1994

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Interior Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Employment, 1994

1996

Stop the 'girogluurders'

Members of the Socialist Party (SP) held an action in front of the Social Affairs building in October 1996 to protest against the so-called ‘girogluurders’, the snooping of officials of the social services in the private data of beneficiaries. Girogluurders held an in depth survey for the Ministry of Social Affairs in which officials were asked personal questions about secret pincodes for example, and what brand of underwear they wear, Wibra or Calvin Klein? After this playfull start, Melkerts Ministry and municipalities were under pressure, with protests, complaint books and Council proposals. In April 1997, the SP wrote all 600 municipalities a letter with its demands. Divosa, the association of social service directors, met about the letter and encouraged municipalities to follow the directive of the Registration Board, even though they previously advised to tighten controls. In late June the ‘Registratiekamer’ told Minister Melkert that the unnecessary privacy violation, according the SP, should be stopped. Melkert promised to draw rules to sufficiently protect the privacy of benefit claimants.

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Members of the SP start their action, 1996

De Volkskrant, 1996

"SP takes action against access bank statements, under the slogan ‘Stop the Girogluurders.'" De Volkskrant, 4 October 1996

1996

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Escalator in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Employment

Tumult within the walls of Social Affairs

Within the walls of the building with its tumultuous history, there was tumult too, often provided in an open letter. De Volkskrant, April 21, 1994: "Minister De Vries of Social Affairs accuses State Secretary Wallage of having previously agreed to the dismissal policy but now breaks the unity of the Social Affairs Department by changing his tune. In an open letter to Wallage, De Vries writes that he has ‘seen up close in recent years’ how much effort it took to get the support of the Labour Party for measures necessary to get the social security expenditure within the budget limits and to get the labour market to function better." And from newspaper Trouw, 22 September 1995: The CDA parliamentary party in the Second Chamber at the time of the third Lubbers government had the need “to downsize the Labour Party, its coalition partner, a bit more each week.” Christian Democrat Bert de Vries, the former minister of Social Affairs, entrusted this to his Secretary of State, PvdA-member Jacques Wallage. According to Jacques Wallaghe, from the same newspaper three days later: “De Vries expressed in response to an open letter to Wallage to be unpleasantly surprised by his confession. "I absolutely don’t remember such a statement. But I must admit that this is due to my bad memory, because I would otherwise put you down as a liar or someone who suffers himself from a bad memory and that would be unkind. "Wallage said in response that he didn’t have any desire whatsoever to respond publicly to the angry letter from De Vries. "I'll soon work this out with the former minister in a private conversation."

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Minister De Vries en State Secretary Wallaghe van Sociale Zaken

Trouw, 1995

“Former Minister of Social Affairs De Vries is 'unkind' back to his former State Secretary Wallage." Trouw, 25-09-1995

2003

Fundamental forms

"I’m interested in fundamental forms: that’s what Structuralism means to me today. As a rule, I design from the inside out. From the very beginning, I have provided a vertical link in all buildings that are more than two stories high. In the Ministry of Social Affairs in The Hague (1979-90), I realized the concept of a large central hall, a space that links all parts of the building; but regrettably, I didn’t take the idea to its logical conclusion. That building marks the end of a certain line in my design development. Since then, there has been a bolder gesture and a larger urban-planning element in my architecture." Herman Hertzberger in Architectural Details, 2003

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2004

19 December 2004: the last 'testbeeld' in the regular programming on the Dutch public channels

2012

2013

PERIOD 3. OFFICE BUILDING FOR SALE

2015 and after. The world is shocked by the image of the dead body of the three-year-old Syrian refugee Aylan on the beach and new terrorist attacks in Paris and Brussels. The Dutch economy and employment seems to stabilise. After the abandonment of the Ministry of Social Affairs and Employment it became a temporary home for refugees. Now the building is for sale.

2015

Protesten bij vergadering Steenbergen over komst asielzoekerscentrum

2015

Art in containers

The Dutch percentage rule for visual art was established in 1951. It says that between 0.8 and 1.6 % of building and/or renovation costs for all Government buildings should be used for commissions for visual artists. This practice has generated a collection of more than 3.000 in-situ artworks. Almost every Dutch artist of note is represented in this collection. Since the 1990’s also foreign artists have been commissioned. For example conceptual art initiator Joseph Kosuth made a work for the Council of State. At the ministry of SZW Gabriel Lester made a series of periscopes through which visitors and employees could look around corners and behind their back under the title 'Sociale Werken' (Social Affairs) in 2005. During the sudden reconstructions to make a part of the building suitable as a temporary home for Syrian refugees, the Lester works could not be saved.

2015

Temporary home for refugees

From the 11th of november until the 30th of december 2015 part of the empty office building of the Ministry of Social Affairs and Employment in The Hague was transformed into a place to live for 600 refugees. The Central Government Real Estate Agency and the Central Agency for the Reception of Asylum Seekers worked together in making the former office building a place where 600 people could eat, sleep and wash. The Hague municipality initiated the ‘Welcome school’, a temporary school for 60 children. Some of them hadn’t been to school in years and it was a big success. Although the people in the neighbourhood weren’t pleased at first, a lot of them became volunteers. Towards the end there were more people wanting to volunteer than there was work.

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2015

Comfort Cabin

In 2016 The Netherlands will house over 43.000 new refugees with a permit. Building new houses is time consuming and expensive. Besides, there is already 10 million m2 of vacant offices in The Netherlands. ComfortCabin combines this challenge and potential in a smart way. A compact modular cube is equipped with all functionality to transform a vacant office to a house. Its elements can be quickly and affordably produced using state-of-the-art CNC milling technologies. Because of this digital production, materials, functionality, and sizes are fully customizable. The unit can be transported flat-pack and assembled on-site in a few hours, and connected to installations via a flexible tube in the ceiling. The first prototype of ComfortCabin was built in SZW in 2015 commissioned by the Chief Government Architect. The cabin is available from € 9000. The designer is Pieter Stoutjesdijk, founder of TheNewMakers, a design-engineer-production company focussed on applying CNC milling technologies to several industries.

2015

Achim Steiner, 2015

'The world is finally producing renewable energy at an industrial scale.' The Guardian, 20 april 2015

2016

For sale: Former office of the Ministry of Social Affairs and Employment The Hague

At the moment the Dutch government has nearly 330 buildings for sale, with more real estate to be sold the upcoming years. These objects vary in size and use, most of them require redevelopment schemes or complex transformations. Biedboek.nl is a site that is part of the Central Government Real Estate Agency and is designed to provide information about the range of available real estate, operating rights and commercial rights. One of the buildings that came on the market in the spring of 2016 is the Former office of the Ministry of Social Affairs and Employment The Hague. "Regarding its architecture and size this office building forms a challenging transformation opportunity. A unique feature of this building is its sixteen octagonal office towers, symmetrically located along the length of the road. The offices are situated above parking facilities (300 spaces). In 2005 the building underwent a renovation. The building is centrally located in The Hague’s CBD, where different national and international business and organisation have their offices. Though it is an area with mixed uses: working and living with many urban facilities within reach. Besides there are various options for public transport nearby. The local government of The Hague has already set out the foundations on transformation and future use for the building and its surroundings in a vision document. This site is a future high-quality campus for education, business and living with its central focus on Safety and Security."

2015

Plan redevelopment former Ministry building, Herman Hertzberger, 2015

PERIOD 4. NEDERLANDWORDTANDERS

A period of crisis, challenges and new chances. Under the name 'Nederlandwordtanders', team Nederlandwordtanders realized a new platform for inspiring spatial innovators and their projects in 2013, commissed by the Chief Government Architect.

2016

Dare to transform

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Floris Alkemade (1961) is Chief Government Architect (Rijksbouwmeester) as of 1 September 2015. The Chief Government Architect protects the architectural quality of the Dutch state property and their incorporation into the urban area as a whole. Alkemade combines his work as architect and urban planner with teaching and lectures at universities in the Netherlands, Belgium and France. He is former partner of Office for Metropolitan Architecture (OMA) and in August 2006 he opened his own office, he is currently director of FAA and FAA/XDGA. Alkemade remains affiliated with his company FAA and fulfills the position of Chief Government Architect on a part-time basis. He works on complex projects both within the Netherlands and abroad. According to Alkemade we are working under current conditions on what he refers to as the ‘tabula scripta’ or the ‘marked slate’. A lot of our land has been developed, designated or is in use. As a result, the architect is forced to relate a lot more to the existing conditions and to design on the basis of these conditions. This should not be seen as a restriction, but as an opportunity to exploit the potential and the context of the place. Innovation inspired by the conviction that the new will be superior to the old.

Floris Alkemade, 2016

“The Netherlands has plenty of available space. Fifty million square meters of vacant offices, garages, schools can partly be converted into low-cost housing. And not only for refugees." Chief Government Architect Floris Alkemade in Trouw, 6 January 2016

2015

Nederlandwordtanders

Nederlandwordtanders represents spatial innovation, where social issues and technological development are linked to spatial quality through the power of design. This design movement characterized by optimism and innovation resulting in social, economical and environmental benefits for all is made visible by Nederlandwordtanders.

2015

Tropicana

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Yvette Govaart

Hoe zien de duurzame stad en circulaire economie van de toekomst er uit? De revitalisering van voormalig zwemparadijs Tropicana herstelt het icoon weer in ere en maakt duurzaam ondernemen mogelijk. En het gebouw is straks weer voor iedereen toegankelijk. Lees meer...

PERIOD 1. IDEALISM AND STRUCTURALISM

New Babylon

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Constant Nieuwenhuys

Herman Hertzberger

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Herman Hertzberger

Aldo van Eyck

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Structuralism in Dutch architecture

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Open and communicative

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Building the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Employment

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The officials did not want to sit in a battery cage

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Joop den Uyl

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PERIOD 2. HIGH RISE AND FALL DOWN

Open becomes more closed

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Herman Hertzberger, 1990

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Culture of civil servants

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RaRa bombs the Ministry of Social Affairs and Employment

Dancing around the Ministry

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Movement Theatregroup BEWTH, 1994

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Stop the 'girogluurders'

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De Volkskrant, 1996

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Tumult within the walls of Social Affairs

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Trouw, 1995

Fundamental forms

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PERIOD 3. OFFICE BUILDING FOR SALE

Art in containers

Temporary home for refugees

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Comfort Cabin

Achim Steiner, 2015

For sale: Former office of the Ministry of Social Affairs and Employment The Hague

PERIOD 4. NEDERLANDWORDTANDERS

Dare to transform

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Floris Alkemade, 2016

Nederlandwordtanders

Nederlandwordtanders

Tropicana

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EigenWijkse Energie Coöporatie